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What's New for Cycle
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Chandra Proposers' Observatory Guide,
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List of Figures
List of Tables
2.1.
Spacecraft Parameters
.
Chandra
HRMA
Characteristics
.
HRMA
Encircled Energy Performance
4.3.
Exit cone angles for each hyperboloid.
5.1.
Aspect System Requirements and Performance
5.2.
PCAD modes
5.3.
Default dither parameters
5.4.
Aspect pipeline data products
6.1.
Table of ACIS Characteristics
6.2.
Nominal Optical Blocking Filter Composition and Thicknesses
6.3.
Average source positions summarized in pixels (chip-x, chip-y)
6.4.
Recommended SIM-Z offsets
6.5.
CCD Frame Time (seconds) for Standard Subarrays
.
ACIS and
ASCA
Grades
6.7.
Telemetry Saturation Limits
.
ASCA
-Grade Distributions at 1.5keV for Different Incident Fluxes
6.9.
Approximate on-orbit standard grade background counting rates for ACIS-I
6.10.
Approximate on-orbit standard grade background counting rates for ACIS-S
6.11.
Typical total quiescent background rates (cts/s/chip), including
all
grades that are telemetered (not just standard
ASCA
grades), by chip type and upper energy cutoff. These values to be used to estimate the probability of telemetry saturation.
7.1.
HRC Parameters
8.1.
HETG(S) Parameters
8.2.
Table of HETGS Gap Locations
9.1.
LETGS Parameters
9.2.
Planned LETGS Calibration Monitoring Observations
9.3.
LETG Position-Dependent Spectral Coverage
9.4.
Instrumental Absorption Edges
Subsections
What's New for Cycle 6?
1
. Mission Overview
1
.
1
Program Organization
1
.
2
Unique Capabilities
1
.
3
Observatory Overview
1
.
4
Pointing Control and Aspect Determination (PCAD )
1
.
5
HRMA
1
.
6
Science Instrument Module (SIM )
1
.
6
.
1
Aimpoints
1
.
7
Ground System
1
.
8
Orbit
1
.
9
Particle Detector
1
.
10
ACIS
1
.
11
HRC
1
.
12
HETG
1
.
13
LETG
1
.
14
Effective Area Comparisons
1
.
15
Allocation of observing time
1
.
16
How to get information and help
2
. Spacecraft, Telescope, Operations, & Mission Planning
2
.
1
Introduction
2
.
2
Spacecraft
2
.
3
Telescope System
2
.
4
Science Instrument Module (SIM )
2
.
4
.
1
SIM Motions
2
.
5
Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN )
2
.
6
Operations
2
.
6
.
1
Launch and On-orbit Verification
2
.
6
.
2
The Ground System
2
.
6
.
3
Commanding
2
.
6
.
4
Telemetry
2
.
6
.
5
SI Science Data
2
.
6
.
6
Event Timing and the Spacecraft Clock
2
.
7
Mission Planning
2
.
7
.
1
The Long-Term Schedule
2
.
7
.
2
Selecting Candidates for Short-Term Scheduling
2
.
7
.
3
The Short Term Scheduling Process
3
. Offset Pointing, Visibility, and other Constraints
3
.
1
Introduction
3
.
2
Offset Pointing
3
.
3
Visibility
3
.
3
.
1
Radiation Belt Passages
3
.
3
.
2
Avoidances
3
.
3
.
3
Roll Angles
3
.
4
Constraints and Considerations
3
.
4
.
1
Instrument Constraints and Considerations
3
.
4
.
2
User-Imposed Constraints
4
. High Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA)
4
.
1
Description and Physical Configuration
4
.
2
Calibration and Performance
4
.
2
.
1
Calibration and Model
4
.
2
.
2
HRMA
Effective Area
4
.
2
.
3
Point-Spread-Function and Encircled Energy Fraction
4
.
2
.
3
.
1
On-axis Response
4
.
2
.
3
.
2
Off-axis Response
4
.
2
.
4
Effective Area in Flight
4
.
3
Ghost Images
4
.
4
Effects of Aspect and Instrument Uncertainties
4
.
5
HRMA Background Material
4
.
5
.
1
Heritage
4
.
5
.
2
Exit Cone Angles
4
.
5
.
3
Sub-assembly Calibration
4
.
5
.
4
Operating Environment
4
.
6
References
5
. Pointing Control and Aspect Determination System
5
.
1
Introduction
5
.
2
Physical configuration
5
.
2
.
1
ACA
5
.
2
.
2
Fiducial lights and Fiducial Transfer System
5
.
2
.
3
IRU
5
.
2
.
4
Momentum control - RWA and MUPS
5
.
3
Operating principles
5
.
4
Performance
5
.
5
Heritage
5
.
6
Calibration
5
.
6
.
1
Pre-launch calibration
5
.
6
.
2
Orbital activation and checkout calibration
5
.
6
.
3
On-orbit calibrations
5
.
6
.
3
.
1
Dark current
5
.
6
.
3
.
2
Charge transfer inefficiency (CTI)
5
.
6
.
3
.
3
Field distortion
5
.
6
.
3
.
4
Responsivity
5
.
7
Operations
5
.
7
.
1
PCAD modes
5
.
7
.
2
Operational constraints
5
.
7
.
3
Output data
5
.
8
Performing an Observation
5
.
8
.
1
Star acquisition
5
.
8
.
2
Science pointing scenarios
5
.
8
.
2
.
1
NPM dither
5
.
8
.
2
.
2
NPM steady
5
.
8
.
2
.
3
Pointing at solar system objects
5
.
8
.
2
.
4
Raster scan
5
.
8
.
2
.
5
Offset and gyro hold
5
.
8
.
3
PCAD capabilities (advanced)
5
.
8
.
3
.
1
Monitor star photometry
5
.
9
Ground Processing
5
.
9
.
1
Data products
5
.
9
.
2
Star catalog
6
. ACIS : Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer
6
.
1
Introduction & Layout
6
.
2
Basic Principles
6
.
3
Optical Blocking Filter & Optical Contamination
6
.
4
Calibration
6
.
5
Quantum Efficiency and Effective Area
6
.
5
.
1
BI Response Matrices
6
.
5
.
2
Molecular Contamination of the OBFs
6
.
6
Spatial Resolution & Encircled Energy
6
.
7
Energy Resolution
6
.
7
.
1
Correcting the Energy Resolution of the FI CCDs
6
.
8
Hot Pixels and Columns
6
.
9
Aimpoints
6
.
10
Dither
6
.
10
.
1
Gaps Between the CCDs
6
.
11
Operating Modes
6
.
11
.
1
Timed Exposure (TE) Mode
6
.
11
.
2
Frame Times - Full Frames
6
.
11
.
3
Frame Times & Subarrays
6
.
11
.
4
Trailed Images
6
.
11
.
5
Continuous Clocking (CC) Mode
6
.
12
Bias Maps and Telemetry Formats
6
.
12
.
1
Bias Maps
6
.
13
Event Grades
6
.
13
.
1
Telemetry Formats
6
.
14
Pileup
6
.
14
.
1
Other Consequences of Pileup
6
.
14
.
2
Pileup Estimation
6
.
14
.
3
Reducing Pileup
6
.
15
On-Orbit Background
6
.
15
.
1
The Non-X-ray Background
6
.
15
.
2
The total background
6
.
15
.
3
Background variability
6
.
15
.
4
Background in Continuous Clocking Mode
6
.
16
Sensitivity
6
.
17
Bright Source X-ray Photon Dose Limitations
6
.
18
Observing Planetary and Solar System Objects with ACIS
6
.
18
.
1
Observations with ACIS-I
6
.
18
.
2
Observations with ACIS-S
6
.
19
Observing with ACIS - the Input Parameters
6
.
19
.
1
Required Parameters
6
.
19
.
1
.
1
Number and Choice of CCD
6
.
19
.
1
.
2
Exposure Mode
6
.
19
.
2
Optional Parameters
6
.
19
.
2
.
1
Energy Filtering
6
.
19
.
2
.
2
Spatial Windows
6
.
19
.
3
Non-ACIS Parameters Relevant to an Observation with ACIS
7
. High Resolution Camera (HRC)
7
.
1
Introduction and Instrument Layout
7
.
2
Basic Principles
7
.
2
.
1
Aimpoints
7
.
3
Dither
7
.
4
Spatial Resolution & Encircled Energy
7
.
5
Energy Resolution
7
.
6
UV/Ion Shields
7
.
7
Quantum Efficiency and Effective Area
7
.
8
On-Orbit Background
7
.
8
.
1
HRC-I
7
.
8
.
2
HRC-S
7
.
8
.
3
Temporally Variable Background
7
.
9
Source Sensitivity
7
.
10
Instrument Anomalies
7
.
11
Calibration
7
.
12
Operational considerations and constraints
7
.
12
.
1
Total Count limits
7
.
12
.
2
Count rate limits
7
.
12
.
2
.
1
Telemetry Limit
7
.
12
.
2
.
2
Linearity limit
7
.
13
Observing with HRC - Operating Modes
7
.
13
.
1
Timing Mode
7
.
13
.
2
Edge and Center Blanking
7
.
13
.
3
Zero-order Blocking
7
.
14
References
General
Position modeling, de-gap corrections, and event screening
Count rate limitations and linearity
9.2 Calibration
8.2.3 Background
Detector coordinate systems
Count life
Out-of-band response
8
. HETG :
Chandra
High Energy Transmission Grating
8
.
1
Instrument Overview
8
.
1
.
1
Examples of Observations with the HETGS
8
.
1
.
2
Scientific Objectives and Grating Heritage
8
.
1
.
3
HETGS Operating Principles
8
.
1
.
4
HETG Physical Configuration
8
.
2
Instrument Characteristics
8
.
2
.
1
HETGS Effective Area
8
.
2
.
1
.
1
Nominal HETGS
ARF
s
8
.
2
.
1
.
2
HETG Efficiency
8
.
2
.
1
.
3
ACIS-S Order Sorting Effects
8
.
2
.
1
.
4
ACIS-S Pileup Effects
8
.
2
.
1
.
5
ACIS-S BI / FI QE Effects
8
.
2
.
1
.
6
ACIS-S Chip Gap Effects
8
.
2
.
2
HETGS Line Response Function
8
.
2
.
2
.
1
LRF: Telescope PSF and Zeroth Order
8
.
2
.
2
.
2
LRF: Dispersion Direction
8
.
2
.
2
.
3
LRF: Cross-Dispersion Direction
8
.
2
.
2
.
4
Extended and Off-Axis Targets
8
.
2
.
3
Background
8
.
2
.
4
Absolute Wavelength
8
.
3
Calibration Status
8
.
4
HETG Operations
8
.
4
.
1
Flight Events and Anomalies
8
.
4
.
2
Operational Constraints
8
.
4
.
3
Output Data
8
.
4
.
4
Performance Monitoring, Health and Safety
8
.
4
.
5
Thermal Response Time
8
.
4
.
6
Observation Frequency/Duty Cycle
8
.
4
.
7
Radiation Considerations
8
.
5
Observation Planning
8
.
5
.
1
Focal Plane Detector Considerations
8
.
5
.
2
Complications from Multiple Sources
8
.
5
.
2
.
1
Faint Background Sources
8
.
5
.
2
.
2
Two Point Sources of Comparable Intensity
8
.
5
.
2
.
3
A Strong Source Lying Outside the Field
8
.
5
.
3
Extended Sources and Spatial-Spectral Effects
8
.
5
.
4
Optimizing Detection of Isolated Emission Lines: Choice of Spectrometer
8
.
6
Simulations with
MARX
9
. LETG : Low Energy Transmission Grating
9
.
1
Instrument Description
9
.
1
.
1
Scientific Objectives
9
.
1
.
2
Heritage
9
.
1
.
3
Operating principles
9
.
1
.
4
Physical configuration
9
.
2
Calibration
9
.
2
.
1
Pre-launch Calibration
9
.
2
.
2
In Flight Calibration
9
.
3
LETGS Performance
9
.
3
.
1
Usage
9
.
3
.
1
.
1
Overview
9
.
3
.
1
.
2
Detectors
9
.
3
.
1
.
3
Off-Axis and Multiple Sources
9
.
3
.
2
Wavelength Coverage and Dispersion Relation
9
.
3
.
2
.
1
Off-Axis Pointing and Detector Gaps
9
.
3
.
2
.
2
Dispersion Calibration
9
.
3
.
3
Resolving Power
9
.
3
.
3
.
1
Extended Sources
9
.
3
.
3
.
2
Off-Axis Sources
9
.
3
.
4
Grating Efficiency
9
.
3
.
4
.
1
Fine and Coarse Support Structure Diffraction
9
.
3
.
4
.
2
Total Efficiencies
9
.
3
.
5
Effective Area
9
.
3
.
5
.
1
Instrument Spectral Features
9
.
3
.
5
.
2
Spectral Extraction Efficiency
9
.
3
.
5
.
3
Zeroth and First-Order Effective Areas
9
.
3
.
5
.
4
Off-Axis and Extended Sources
9
.
3
.
5
.
5
High-Order Diffraction Effective Areas
9
.
3
.
6
Background
9
.
3
.
6
.
1
Exposure Windows, Deadtime, and Timing Resolution
9
.
3
.
6
.
2
HRC-S Background Reduction via On-Ground Data Filtering
9
.
3
.
6
.
3
ACIS-S Background
9
.
3
.
7
Sample Data
9
.
4
Observation Planning
9
.
4
.
1
HRC-S , ACIS-S and HRC-I Detector Choices
9
.
4
.
2
Other Focal Plane Detector Considerations
9
.
4
.
2
.
1
Instrument Features and Gaps
9
.
4
.
2
.
2
Dither
9
.
4
.
2
.
3
SIM z Offsets
9
.
4
.
2
.
4
Offset Pointing
9
.
4
.
2
.
5
HRC-S Windowing
9
.
4
.
2
.
6
ACIS-S Modes
9
.
4
.
3
General Considerations
9
.
4
.
3
.
1
Complications from Other Sources
9
.
4
.
3
.
2
Roll Angle Considerations
9
.
4
.
3
.
3
High Order Throughput
9
.
4
.
3
.
4
ISM Absorption
9
.
5
Technical Feasibility
9
.
5
.
1
Simple Calculation of Exposure Times and Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Line and Continuum Sources
9
.
5
.
1
.
1
PIMMS
for Rough Planning Purposes
9
.
5
.
1
.
2
MARX
Simulations
9
.
6
References
cxchelp@head-cfa.harvard.edu
